It can be seen that women develop adverse reactions during donation of blood more rarely than do men In our Transfusion Service, the phlebotomy team consists of doctor who take the donation (four members of the permanent staff and one temporary doctor) and the nursing staff (six units of staff).Ībsolute frequency of symptoms according to the gender of the donors.
Finally, the fourth group concerned the symptoms felt, by the donor during or after the donation, and consisted of 13 parameters: agitation, pallor, sweating, pins and needles, feeling of weakness, cold sensation, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, loss of consciousness, convulsive syncope, and loss of sphincter control. The third group consisted of efficient venipuncture and difficult venipuncture. The second group concerned type of donation: whole blood, plasmapheresis, multicomponent apheresis. The first group consisted of: sex, age, first donation, periodic donation. The data collection form had 22 fields, divided into four groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis, to determine the weight of different factors, such as first donation, periodic donation, difficult venipuncture compared to an efficient venipuncture, in the development of syncope. Our survey identified a group of donors predisposed to the development of adverse reactions and enabled us to prevent problems in these subjects at subsequent donations. A set of rules can be created to govern the behaviour of the staff and improve the quality of the interventions. In this way it is possible to monitor and improve the donation clinics and the environmental context. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency and type of adverse events, distinguishing mild disturbances from more severe reactions, and to measure the time for the donor to recover a state of well-being. Another rare complication, that can occur during apheresis procedures, is severe arrhythmias. There are rare reports of acute intoxication due to overdoses of ACD 1. Much more rarely, tremor, muscle spasms, hypotension, tachycardia, arrhythmia, convulsions and tetany develop. These symptoms resolve after interruption of the apheresis procedure, although it may sometimes be necessary to use a therapeutic intervention, such as the administration of calcium gluconate. The lowered concentration of calcium ions leads to episodes of paraesthesia of the lips, oral cavity and limbs. This anticoagulant can cause hypocalcaemia, because of chelation. Systemic reactions can occur during apheresis procedures, which require the use of anticoagulants such as acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD) for the collection of the blood component. Therapeutic intervention must be swift, otherwise this clinical picture, typical of a vasovagal reaction, will progress into an episode of syncope, of variable severity, which may or may not be complicated by the onset of tonic-clonic muscle spasms (convulsive syncope), accompanied by vomiting and loss of sphincter control.
The systemic reactions are characterised by the appearance of pallor, sweating, dizziness, gastrointestinal disorders, nausea, hypotension, and bradycardia. In most cases, they are vasovagal reactions than can be triggered by the pain of the venipuncture, by the donor seeing his or her own blood, by the donor seeing another donor unwell, by the anxiety and state of tension of undergoing the donation, etc. The systemic reactions, in contrast to the local reactions, can be divided into mild or severe.
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